Which of the following exemplifies disparities between developing and developed countries?

Disparities between developing and developed countries can be effectively illustrated by several economic indicators, which include differences in gross national income (GNI), the state of productive capital, and the economic contributions of different sectors like agriculture.

The GNI difference of 12,746 serves as a quantitative measure illustrating the substantial income disparity that exists between these two groups of countries. Developed nations typically have much higher GNI, reflecting their advanced economic activities, greater productivity, and higher standards of living.

A large base of productive capital is another indication of economic disparity. Developed countries generally have significant investments in technology, infrastructure, and various forms of capital that enhance productivity and economic growth. In contrast, developing nations often lack this level of investment, which hampers their economic development.

Additionally, the agricultural sector's contribution to total output varies markedly between these countries. In developed nations, a very small share of total output coming from agriculture indicates a transition to more advanced industries and services, while developing countries often rely heavily on agriculture for their economic activities. This reliance can limit their overall economic diversification and growth.

Thus, all of these factors collectively exemplify the disparities between developing and developed countries, making the option encompassing all of them particularly accurate.